Git

Enjoy this cheat sheet at its fullest within Dash, the macOS documentation browser.

Create

Clone an existing repository

git clone ssh://user@domain.tld/repo.git

Clone a unique branch from an existing repository

git clone -b <branchname> --single-branch ssh://user@domain.tld/repo.git

Clone an existing repository and all its sub-modules recursively

git clone --recurse-submodules ssh://user@domain.tld/repo.git

Create a new local repository

git init

Configuration

Set the name attached to all your commits

git config [--global] user.name <name>

Set the email attached to all your commits

git config [--global] user.email <email>

Set colorization of command line output for all repos

git config --global color.ui auto

Print set name (in current repository or globally)

git config [--global] user.name

Print set email (in current repository or globally)

git config [--global] user.email

Local Changes

List changed files in your working directory

git status

List changes to tracked files

git diff

Add all current changes in file to the next commit

git add <file>

Add all current changes to the next commit

git add .

Add changes to the next commit interactively

git add -p <file>

Rename file and add it to next commit

git mv <file> <new file name>

Delete file and add its deletion to next commit

git rm <file>

Commit all local changes in tracked files

git commit -a

Commit previously staged changes

git commit

Change the last commit

git commit --amend

Note: You shouldn't amend published commits!

Commit History

Show all commits

git log

Show changes over time for a specific file

git log -p <file>

Show changes over time for a specific committer

git log --author=<committer name>

Note: <committer name> is a pattern, so Ed will match Edward Smith. Quotes are optional if the pattern doesn't contain spaces.

Search (grep) commit messages for the given string

git log --grep=<string>

Who changed what and when in file

git blame <file>

Store changes temporarily

git stash

Remove and apply stashed changes

git stash pop

Remove file from all previous commits but keep it locally

git rm --cached <file>

Branches & Tags

List all local and remote branches

git branch -a

List all remote branches

git branch -r

List all local branches

git branch

Switch HEAD branch

git checkout <branch>

Create a new branch based on your current HEAD

git branch <new-branch>

Create a new tracking branch based on a remote branch

git branch --track <new-branch> <remote-branch>

Delete a local branch

git branch -d <branch>

Delete a remote branch

git push origin --delete <branch>

Rename a branch locally

git branch -m <old name> <new name>

Rename a branch on remote

git push <remote> :<old name>
git push <remote> <new name>

Tag the current commit

git tag <tag-name>

Update & Publish

List all currently configured remotes

git remote -v

Show information about a remote

git remote show <remote>

Add new remote repository

git remote add <remote> <url>

Rename a remote

git remote rename <old-name> <new-name>

Download all changes from remote, but don't merge into HEAD

git fetch <remote>

Download all changes from remote, but don't merge into HEAD and clean up deleted branches from origin

git fetch -p <remote>

Download changes and directly merge into HEAD

git pull <remote> <branch>

Publish local changes on a remote

git push <remote> <branch>

Track a remote repository

git remote add --track <remote-branch> <remote> <url>

Publish your tags

git push --tags

Merge & Rebase

Merge branch into your current HEAD

git merge <branch>

Rebase your current HEAD onto branch

git rebase <branch>

Note: You shouldn't rebase published commits!

Abort a rebase

git rebase --abort

Continue a rebase after resolving conflicts

git rebase --continue

Resolve conflicts using your configured merge tool

git mergetool

Manually resolve conflicts using your editor and mark file as resolved

git add <resolved-file>
git rm <resolved-file>

Undo

Discard all local changes in your working directory

git reset --hard HEAD

Discard local changes in a specific file

git checkout HEAD <file>

Revert a commit by providing a new commit with contrary changes

git revert <commit>

Restore a specific file from a previous commit

git checkout <commit> <file>

Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit

  • Discarding local changes:

    git reset --hard <commit>

  • Preserving all changes as unstaged changes:

    git reset <commit>

  • Preserving uncommitted local changes:

    git reset --keep <commit>

Submodules

Make changes, commit and checkout submodule files

Just go the submodule directory and use git as usual

List all currently configured submodules

git submodule

or

git submodule status

Show information about a submodule

git remote show <remote>

Add a new submodule

Beware of the submodule name you choose: If you use a forward slash (/) git will think you want to delete the submodule and want to add all the files in the submodule directory. Please DON'T use a forward slash after the submodule name.

  1. Run git submodule add -b <branch> --name <name> <repository-path-or-url>
  2. Add the .gitmodule file and submodule folder to the superproject index
  3. Commit both files on the superproject

Remove a submodule

  1. git submodule deinit -f <submodule_path>
  2. rm -rf .git/modules/<submodule_path>
  3. git rm -f <submodule_path>

(Details)

Clone a project with submodules

  1. Clone the superproject as usual
  2. Run git submodule init to init the submodules
  3. Run git submodule update to have the submodules on a detached HEAD

or

Run git clone --recurse-submodules ssh://user@domain.tld/repo.git

See all changes on submodules

git diff --submodule

Update the submodules to the lastest changes on their respective branches

git submodule update --remote

Update a specific submodule to the lastest changes on its branch

git submodule update --remote <submodule-name>

Push changes to the superproject only if all submodules are pushed also

git push --recurse-submodules=check

Push changes to the submodules and then push the superproject changes

git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand

Run arbitrary commands on each submodule

git submodule foreach '<arbitrary-command-to-run>'

Notes